1971

Islamic Terrorism Timeline

11/16/2006

- January 12, 1971: In Ethiopia, a U.S. Army enlisted man assigned to the Kagnew station in Asmara was fatally shot on the road to Massawa. A pouch containing documents was missing from the truck he was driving. The Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement was active in the area and was suspected.

- January 15, 1971: Members of the JDL smashed windows of the New York office of Aeroflot. The grievance the Jewish Defense League had with the USSR was the nation's unwillingness to allow Russian Jews to immigrate to Israel and the Soviet's persistent practice of arming of Israel's Islamic foes.

- January 22, 1971: In Ethiopia, four members of the Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement hijacked an Ethiopian airliner to Libya.

- January 23, 1971: In Turkey, bombs were found on the grounds of the U.S. Embassy and the U.S. Information Service buildings in Ankara.

- January 23, 1971: While Islam was already responsible for the preponderance of terror, thanks to the infusion of Islamic crude, they were a long way from having an exclusive cartel. Today, a South Korean attempted to hijack a South Korean airliner to North Korea. He was armed with four hand grenades and a kitchen knife. He used two of the grenades to blast his way into the cockpit where he made his demands known to the pilot, who sent out a radio message and flew a course which fooled the communist. South Korean fighters were scrambled in an attempt to halt the flight, while antiaircraft fire was directed at the plane. A sky marshal fired twice at the hijacker with his pistol, causing the skyjacker to drop his grenades. Both of them exploded, killing the skyjacker and the copilot and injuring sixteen others, four of them seriously.

- January 25, 1971: In Turkey, two Molotov cocktails were thrown onto the balcony of the residence of a U.S. Foreign Service officer in Ankara.

- February 2, 1971: In India, two armed Kashmiri Muslims hijacked an Indian Airlines plane to Pakistan. They demanded that the Indian government release 36 convicted Islamic terrorists held in Kashmir jails. When the government rejected their demands, they blew up the plane.

- February 8, 1971: In Turkey, a gift-wrapped package containing four sticks of dynamite exploded inside the apartment of a U.S. soldier. It is becoming evident that Turkish Muslims aren't very fond of Americans.

- February 10, 1971: In Turkey, a bomb exploded in a bathroom of the Turkish-American Association in Ankara, causing considerable damage to the USIS library. Two people were injured in the blast.

- February 10, 1971: In Sweden, two Croatian Muslims seized control of the Yugoslav consulate in Gothenburg in an unsuccessful attempt to ransom its occupants in exchange for convicted terrorists held in Yugoslav jails. The Yugoslav government refused to meet their demands, and the terrorists surrendered the next day to the Swedish authorities. They were tried and sentenced to 3 years imprisonment. But on September 16, 1972, they were released and flown to Madrid after three Croatians hijacked a Scandinavian airliner and demanded their freedom, along with the release of five Croatians involved in the assassination of the Yugoslav ambassador on April 7, 1971.

Most Croatian Slavs converted to Islam during the Ottoman occupation from the 15th to 19th centuries because it was easier than trying to exist without one's money or head. Starting as early as 1968, during the Soviet oppression of the region, they sought to be recognized as the nation of Muslimani. During the 1990s, their war against the secular regime in Yugoslavia caused NATO to intervene on behalf of the Islamic population.

- February 10, 1971: In Turkey, a bomb was found in an Ankara building occupied by three American military families.

- February 12, 1971: In Manila, an explosion was detonated near the U.S. Chancery building.

- February 14, 1971: In Pakistan, Molotov cocktails were hurled at the American Center in Islamabad.

- February 15, 1971: In Turkey, James Finlay, an unarmed U.S. Air Force security policeman patrolling the Ankara Air Station, was kidnapped.

- February 17, 1971: In Istanbul, Turkey, a bomb was thrown into the U.S. Consulate complex. The same day, another bomb exploded outside the U.S. Air Force Tuslog Detachment in Istanbul.

- February 19, 1971: In Turkey, a U.S. Army troop transport vessel operating near Istanbul was damaged by a bomb. Another bomb was found in a second boat was defused.

- February 20, 1971: A bomb made up of plastic explosives was found on the grounds of the U.S. Information Service facility in Ankara, Turkey. The fuse had been lit, but the bomb failed to explode.

- March 1, 1971: Two unidentified terrorists threw a firebomb from a passing car at the Iraqi mission to the United Nations in New York City.

- March 4, 1971: Five Turkish militants kidnapped four U.S. servicemen who were stationed near Ankara. The kidnappers demanded the publication of a manifesto attacking the American presence in Turkey, and the payment of 400,000 Turkish Lira. The kidnappers were traced to the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, where troops were met by students armed with guns and dynamite. The kidnappers released the four airmen unharmed on March 8, and were subsequently arrested, tried and convicted. Three were hanged, one was imprisoned, and one was killed in a gunfight with Turkish authorities.

- March 12, 1971: In Pakistan, two bombs were thrown into the ground floor of the building housing the U.S. Consulate in Dacca.

- March 14, 1971: In Istanbul, a bomb was thrown into the U.S. Consulate.

- March 15, 1971: In the Netherlands, Islamic terrorists sabotaged the Gulf Oil Company refinery in Rotterdam. The perpetrators were Europeans Muslims operating on a contract from RASD, the al-Fatah intelligence organization.

- March 15, 1971: In Turkey, the U.S. Consulate in Ankara was bombed again.

- March 16, 1971: Several shots were fired into the home of the U.S. Consul General in Dacca, Pakistan.

- March 20, 1971: In Pakistan, three Molotov cocktails were thrown into the U.S. Consulate in Dacca.

- March 25, 1971: In Turkey, a pipe bomb exploded outside the U.S. Consulate in Izmir.

- March 25, 1971: In France, forty demonstrators threw stones and three Molotov cocktails at offices of the Bull Computer Company, a subsidiary of General Electric. An organization called The Movement of Youthful Brothers in War with the Palestinian People claimed responsibility for the attack.

- March 28, 1971: In Turkey, a bomb exploded in the garden of the U.S. Consulate General's residence in Izmir.

- March 30, 1971: Six Philippine terrorists hijacked a Philippine Air Lines domestic flight to Peking, China. Let's assume they were communists.

- April 2, 1971: In Ankara, Turkey, five bombs with fuses still smoking were discovered outside the CENTO headquarters.

- April 2, 1971: The U.S. Officers Mess in Ankara was attacked by four young Turks who threw two black powder bombs into the building.

- April 2, 1971: In Jordan, Fedayeen Islamic terrorists damaged a pipeline carrying crude oil to the Zarka refinery. The pipeline was an extension of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline which was owned by the Arabian-American Oil Company.

- April 5, 1971: In Jordan, a fragmentation grenade was tossed into the U.S. Embassy in Amman.

- April 8, 1971: In Sweden, Croatian terrorists assassinated the Yugoslav ambassador and wounded two Yugoslav diplomats in Stockholm. These murdering jihadists were released from jail when three Croatians militants hijacked a Scandinavian airliner on September 16, 1972, and demanded their freedom.

- April 15, 1971: In the Netherlands, a bomb damaged the Amsterdam office housing a Soviet trade delegation. Four of the twenty occupants and a passerby were injured. Slogans from the JDL were left on the scene and an American Jew living in the Netherlands was arrested.

The Jewish Defense League was active for roughly two decades. Shortly after its 1968 founding in New York City, they began harassing Soviet interests for their sale of weaponry to Israel's Islamic enemies and for the USSR's unwillingness to let Russian Jews immigrate into Israel. They also attacked PLO offices for obvious reasons.

The Jewish Defense League began as a vigilante group in New York City, committed to protecting the orthodox Jewish population in Brooklyn from anti-Semitic acts. They were said to have burglarized the Palestine Liberation Organization's UN mission in their first act of aggression. While the JDL was founded by Rabbi Meir Kahane, he left the U.S. shortly after the group's formation. In 1971, Kahane emigrated to Israel and founded the Kach party. The assassination of Alex Odeh, director of the Arab-American Anti-Discrimination Committee, prompted Meir Kahane to officially separate himself from the League.

The Jewish Defense League was dealt a significant blow in 1987 upon the conviction of several members. Having personally met one of those who was incarcerated, I can attest that his punishment grossly exceeded his crime. Today, the JDL is not actively engaged in aggressive or criminal actions.

While two former JDL members were arrested in 2001 for their plot to bomb the office of a Lebanese-American from Orange County California, who was a Hizballah supporter, and a mosque in Culver City, California, they were acting independently. Irving Rubin committed suicide in prison while awaiting trial and Earl Krugel pleaded guilty to the plot in 2003. In September 2005, Krugel was sentenced to 20 years in jail for his role in bombings which never occured. Two months later, he was murdered in prison by Muslim militants.

Meir David Kahane was born in Brooklyn, NY in 1932. He received a degree in International Law from New York University, and ordination from the Mir Yeshiva in Brooklyn. He edited the Jewish Press, and served as a rabbi and teacher in New York until the mid-1960s. He also rallied Jewish support for the Vietnam War. His controversial methods met with mixed success and greatly exacerbated the Black-Jewish tension already present in New York City's Islamic population - especially in with regard to the Nation of Islam.

Kahane's methods were often outside the law, and he spent several years in jail as a result of his actions. He and his family moved to Israel in 1971, where he founded the anti-Islamic Kach party. The party's platform called for the annexation of all conquered territories and the forcible removal of all Palestinian Muslims at war with Israel. The Kach party gained popular support until, prior to the 1988 Knesset elections, the Kach party was banned from running by a Labor-Likud coalition. The ban was based on an amendment added to Israel's Basic Law that disqualified any candidate whose platform included "incitement to racism." Two years later, Kahane was assassinated in New York City by an Egyptian militant, who was acquitted of the crime on a technicality, but later convicted in relation to the World Trade Center bombing - the blind Qur'anic scholar Sheikh Rahman.

- April 22, 1971: A bomb damaged the New York City offices of AMTORG, the Soviet Trading Corporation. Twenty minutes earlier a group using JDL slogans had phoned UPI to warn of the bombing. JDL denied responsibility.

- April 27, 1971: In Argentina, the People's Revolutionary Army, the armed wing of a Communist political party, terrorized American interests in a rash of attacks on this day. There were no casualties.

- May 17, 1971: Turkish militants in alliance with the Palestinians and operating under the banner of the Turkish Liberation Army, kidnapped Ephraim Elrom, the Israeli Consul General in Istanbul. They demanded the release of all jihadists being detained by the Turkish government.

The Turks rejected their demand and launched a house-to-house search. They found Elrom's lifeless body in an apartment on May 23rd. He had been assassinated at pointblank range. Two of the kidnappers were later cornered by police, and in the ensuing gunfight, one was killed and the other was captured. The captive escaped but was killed by police a year later.

- May 29, 1971: In their second attack since this timeline began, Basque nationalists attempted to kidnap Henri Wolimer, the French Consul in San Sebastian. He resisted and escaped. There were no injuries in either mission.

- June 4, 1971: PFLP terrorists carried out an assault on the Liberian-registered oil tanker Coral Sea. Using a speedboat, the jihadists fired 10 bazooka shells at the tanker, causing some damage but no casualties. The attack occurred in the Strait of Bab el Mandeb at the entrance to the Red Sea. It was intended to deter tankers from using the Israeli port of Eilat.

- June 12, 1971: A faulty timing device prevented a JDL bomb from exploding at the Soviet Union's estate in Glen Cove, New York.

- July 4, 1971: A bomb exploded in the U.S. Consul General's residence garden in Dacca, Turkey.

- July 7, 1971: In Israel, non-Palestinian members of al-Fatah fired rockets at a suburb of Tel Aviv, killing four Jews and wounding thirty.

- July 22, 1971: Muslim fundamentalists overthrew a Marxist Muslim regime in the Sudan. It was an act which would eventually lead to genocide second only to the Holocaust. Muslims would savagely murder between 2.7 million Africans over the next 30 years, mutilating at least a million more.

- August 24, 1971: In Madrid, Spain, a bomb placed by Al Fatah's Black_September Organization exploded in a Boeing 707 owned by the Royal Jordanian Airline. The aircraft was parked at the Barajas Airport. The explosion in the aft lavatory blew a three-foot hole in the top of the fuselage, but caused no injuries because the plane was out of service at the time. Arafat's target was King Hussein's mother, Queen Mother Zien, who had boarded the jet in Amman but deplaned in Istanbul.

- September 8, 1971: In Lebanon, a member of Al Fatah hijacked a Jordanian Alia airliner to Libya. The plane was en route from Beirut to Amman.

- September 9, 1971: In Jordan, Palestinian Fedayeen damaged the Trans-Arabian Pipeline in Jordan near the Syrian border.

- September 15, 1971: The Trans-Arabian Pipeline in Jordan was attacked again. This time Jordan blamed Syria.

- September 16, 1971: In Israel, PLO terrorists threw a hand grenade into a crowd of American tourists visiting Jerusalem. One child (a four-year-old Arab girl) was killed and six others were injured. Five American tourists were hit by shrapnel.

The Palestinian Liberation Organization, known by the acronym PLO, was one of the world's most successful political, religious, and paramilitary terrorist enterprises. It was conceived at a Cairo Summit by the Arab League at the behest of Egyptian President Nasser in 1964. The Palestinian Liberation Organization first convened in Jerusalem on May 29th 1964.

The Palestinian Liberation Organization's charter called for the destruction of the Jewish state of Israel, calling it "illegal." Their means would be the constant application of terror.

The PLO and its member groups are controlled, funded, and equipped by the Islamic governments of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Kuwait, and Iraq and by America and Europe. The Palestinian Liberation Organization is by far the richest terrorist club on earth with nearly $10 billion in assets. According to the United Kingdom's National Criminal Intelligence Service, "the PLO has an annual income of $2 billion from charitable Islamic donations, OPEC funding, American and European Union Aid, extortion, payoffs, illegal arms dealing, drug trafficking, money laundering, and fraud." Before his death, the Economist confirmed that Yasser Arafat alone had personally confiscated $900 million. The Daily Telegraph reported in 1999 that the Palestinian Liberation Organization had $50 billion invested around the world. In the PLO, OPEC and Islam have coalesced into a terrorist machine of considerable prowess.

An International Monetary Fund report titled "Economic Performance and Reforms under Conflict Conditions," stated that Arafat had diverted $900 million of public P.A. funds into his own private accounts from 1995 to 2000. During this time this thief was the most frequent international guest to the Clinton White House. And a considerable portion of the money he stole came from American taxpayers. The U.S., however, did not stop or even diminish its aid to the Palestinian Authority.

The PLO is a conglomerate composed of many Palestinian, Arab, and Islamic political and religious groups and terrorist organizations. According to its founder, "The PLO's goal is to drive the Jews into the sea." Their vision of "Palestine" is an exclusive Arab/Muslim enclave that includes all of present-day Israel from Galilee, the Jordan River, and the Dead Sea to the Mediterranean, from the Sinai to Lebanon. Today, the PLO is indistinguishable from the political party Fatah, the governmental entity known as the Palestinian Authority, the secret police unit Force 17, and the terrorist group al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades. The five organizations share common leadership, members, and ambitions.

Following the Six Day War in 1967, the Islamic states which had created the PLO lost much of their legitimacy. Yasser Arafat, one of the five founders of the terrorist organization and political party al-Fatah, took advantage of the resulting power vacuum and became Chairman of the PLO in 1969. Since he remained in control of Fatah, the two organizations essentially merged. In the years which followed the PLO also absorbed the Palestine Liberation Front, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, the Palestinian Democratic Union, the Palestinian People's Party, the Hawari Group, the Abu Abbas Faction, the Arab Liberation Front, the Palestinian Popular Struggle Front, the Palestinian Arab Front, Force 17, Black_September, and the Palestinian Authority. Collectively, they became very adept at killing Americans and Jews, with Robert Kennedy becoming their most famous victim.

The PLO's strategy, confirmed by Yasser Arafat's own admission, was based upon Muhammad's example at Hudaybiyah. There, over 1300 years ago, Muhammad who at the time possessed insufficient arms to conquer his hometown of Mecca, promised to stop terrorizing his kin for ten years so long as the Meccans would allow him to visit Allah's rock pile of idols known as the Ka'aba. The merchants of Mecca honored the agreement but the Muslims violated the treaty a dozen times in the first 12 months according to their own witness. Then, at the end of the year, once the Meccans had been lulled into a false sense of security, Muhammad and the first Muslims roared into town with an army more than twice the size of the Meccan population and conquered the place, imposing Islam under the shade of their swords.

But since Muhammad was supposed to be Allah's Messenger, and thus a man of his word, Islam's lone prophet revealed the 9th surah of the Qur'an which states that any treaty between Muslims and Infidels is not binding on the Muslims. If you are not familiar with this treaty, or the concept of the "legal lie" in Islam, please read "The Tormented Terrorist," "Blood & Booty," and "Legacy of Terror" chapters of Prophet of Doom - Islam's Terrorist Dogma in Muhammad's Own Words. Until you possess an appreciation of the fact that deception is not only permissible in Islam, but essential to the religion, you should not engage in any discussion relative to thwarting Islamic terrorism.

When Yasser Arafat stood with Yitzhak Rabin in 1993 at the conclusion of Bill Clinton's Oslo Accords and said that he conditionally recognized Israel's right to exist and promised to stop terrorizing Jews for Israeli concessions, including control over autonomous regions and access to considerable funding, several things occurred. The Jews honored the agreement and the Muslims did not. In his next speech in Arabic, Arafat told his Muslim audience that he had signed the agreement with the Infidels in the spirit of Hudaybiyah. The politicians and media yawned and innocent people started to die in unprecedented numbers. It was just like American's failed "War On Terror," which served to geometrically increase terrorism rather than reduce it.

Article 18 of the Palestinian Liberation Organization Covenant reads: "The claims of historic and spiritual ties between Jews and Palestine are not in agreement with the facts of history or with the true basis of sound statehood.... The Jews are not one people with an independent personality because they are citizens to their states." What they were saying was that since the Qur'an was incompatible with history and spiritual truth, history and spiritual revelation (i.e., the Bible) are wrong. The basis of statehood in their mind was the anti-Semitic religion of Islam, or Submission in Arabic. Moreover, the Palestinian Liberation Organization was staking their claim. In his opening remarks at the PLO's convening summit, the first chairman announced: "the PLO is to the official representative of the Palestinian people.".

What is ironic regarding the PLO's assertion that "a Palestinian state must be established on the historic lands of Palestine" is that the last of the "Palestinians," a name derived from the Philistines of Gaza, were annihilated by the Assyrians and Babylonians (from today's Iran and Iraq) in the seventh century BCE. So there are no "Palestinians," and there haven't been any for 2,600 years. To refer to people as "Palestinians" simply perpetuates a purposely deceptive marketing myth. Prior to 1948, the Muslims who lived in Israel called themselves Muslims, Arabs, Egyptians, Syrians, and Jordanians. But now, by calling themselves "Palestinians," and the land "Palestine," those who are ignorant of history can be compelled to believe that the place is theirs and that the Jews must have stolen it from them.

There is no "historic land of Palestine" either. The oldest name for the region is Canaan, and that name is only found in the Torah. If you want to use it, then you'd be wise to see what else Yahweh's revelation has to say about this place. But that aside, the Canaanites no longer exist as a people. Nor do the Hittites or Phoenicians who also occupied portions of today's Israel. The land became known as Judea and Israel following the Exodus in 16th century BCE - 3,600 years ago. The land continued to be known as Judea (actually Yahuwdah (meaning "belongs to Yah), named after one of Ya'aqob's sons, who in turned was named after and Abraham's God: Yahweh) and Israel (actually, Yisra'el, meaning "those who live with and are empowered by God) for 1,700 years. With the exception of a couple of forced "time outs" in Assyria and Babylon due to bad behavior, Jews (actually Yahuwdym, meaning "those who are related to and belong to Yah, or Yahweh") called this land home.

But then in the second century CE, a very bad man, the founder of the Jewish religion, Rabbi Akiba, annulled the Torah and established a new religious and political order based upon the decrees of "enlightened men" called "rabbis," meaning "those who are exalted." In 133 CE, Rabbi Akiba, in his lust for power, doomed the Jewish people and put the pieces in place that led to the Holocaust and to the PLO. He, knowing that it was a Yowbel or Jubilee Year, announced the arrival of the Messiah, a revolting warlord known as Bar Kokhba. Together they led a revolt against Rome that caused the Romans in 135 CE to change the name of the land from Judea to Palestina. In the process the Romans killed a million Jews and expelled all remaining Jews from the land, enslaving most of them. This created the Diaspora. To add insult to injury, the Romans salted the land as they had Carthage so that no one would be able to live in Judea for centuries. Therefore, no Akiba, no Diaspora. No Diaspora, no Holocaust. No Akiba, no Rabbinical Judaism, Oral Law, or Talmud. No Rabbinical Judaism, Oral Law, or Talmud, no Islam as the Qur'an was a twisted variant of them. No Akiba, no Palestine. No Palestine, no PLO.

- September 26, 1971: In Yemen, three bombs exploded at a U.S. Consular officer's home. The bombing was believed to be part of an Islamic terrorist campaign against the government.

- October 4, 1971: In Lebanon, two members of Fatah, a Palestinian man and woman, were foiled in their attempt to hijack a Jordanian plane from Beirut to Amman. The Muslim man was killed when overpowered by security guards during the flight. His female accomplice attempted to pull the pin from a grenade she had carried on board inside a wig, but was unable. The terrorist couple wanted to divert the plane to Iraq.

- October 6, 1971: In Lebanon, a delay for technical reasons saved a Jordanian Airlines Caravelle from a time bomb that had been placed inside a suitcase under the wing while being loaded.

- October 12, 1971: Turkish terrorists bombed a car belonging to an employee of the U.S. Consulate in Istanbul.

- October 14, 1971: Anti-Shah Iranian Muslim students dynamited the Iranian consulate in San Francisco, causing $1 million damage to the building and nearby houses. Four Americans were wounded in the blast. The Islamic group said that they were protesting the Shah's lavish celebration of the twenty-five hundredth anniversary of the Persian Empire.

- October 24, 1971: For the third time in two months Palestinian Fedayeen damaged the Trans-Arabian Pipeline in Jordan near the Syrian border.

- November 10, 1971: Four explosions occurred in the Intercontinental Hotel in Amman, Jordan. The hotel was managed by U.S. personnel.

- November 28, 1971:

In Egypt, four members of the Black_September Organization assassinated Wasfi Tal, the Jordanian Prime Minister, in Cairo. This was the first public mention of the PLO/Fatah/Fedayeen derivative.

A statement issued by the Black_September Organization said that the killing was in revenge for the slaying of tens of thousands of Palestinians in the Jordanian Civil War which began in September 1970. The Egyptian government later freed all four Islamic murderers for "lack of evidence.".

The Black_September Organization was formed in late 1970 or early 1971 as a clandestine wing of al-Fatah and the PLO. Their objective was to avenge the expulsion of the Palestine Liberation Organization from Jordan in September of 1970. Ultimately, the BSO became the PLO's international terrorist arm.

- December 5, 1971: The Jewish Armed Resistance claimed responsibility for bombing two Russian gift shops, one in New York and the other in Minnesota. The bombs shattered some glass shelves but did no additional damage.

- December 11, 1971: In Pakistan, an armed man entered the USIS library and ordered the local employees out. Minutes later a deafening explosion was heard. The United States Information Services facility was completely distroyed.

- December 15, 1971: In London, the Black_September Organization attempted to assassinate Zaid Rifai, the Jordanian Ambassador.

- December 16, 1971: Three people were injured by parcel bombs sent by the Black_September Organization to the Jordanian mission to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland.

- December, 1971: The first Islamic war in the Sudan was nearing resolution. However, Arab Muslims trying to Sharia Law in all of the Sudan had already killed 500,000 Africans, 80% of them being unarmed civilians, leaving a million more homeless.

British bungling had set the stage for the slaughter in Sudan. As part of the UK's strategy in the Middle East, the Arab Muslim north and the African animist and Christian south were merged into a single administrative protectorate. In 1953 Egypt and the UK granted "independence" to the Sudan because it was becoming impossible to control under these circumstances. Muslims don't share power with anyone. When this happened, the Arab Muslims in the north immediately recanted the agreements they had made with the African south, and began attacking them. A succession of Islamic dominated administrations did nothing to stop the terror. It was only when a fundamentalist Muslim vs. Muslim Marxist rift in the north emerged, that the genocide temporarily lost momentum. In 1971, Joseph Lagu became the first to organize Africans in the south, providing a voice for the oppressed.

The CIA says of the Sudan: "Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern [Arab Muslim] economic, political, and social domination of largely [African] non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972, but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than 4 million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than 2 million deaths over a period of two decades." We will address the second uncivil war in 1983 because where there is Islam, there will always be terror.